Vol. 3, Issue 1, Part A (2026)

Ayurvedic formulations, derived from ancient Indian medicine, have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential. These formulations are composed of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and essential oils, which exert pharmacological effects through multiple mechanisms of action. The pharmacodynamics of Ayurvedic formulations remain underexplored, particularly concerning the molecular pathways and biochemical interactions responsible for their therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms of action of Ayurvedic formulations by examining their impact on cellular pathways, enzymatic activity, and receptor interactions. The primary focus is on formulations used in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the interactions of Ayurvedic formulations with modern pharmacological targets, such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and enzymes like cyclooxygenase (COX), are analyzed. The role of these formulations in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell signaling pathways, especially in relation to free radical scavenging and cytokine production, is also discussed. Furthermore, this review explores the scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of Ayurvedic formulations and their integration into contemporary pharmacological practices. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacodynamics of Ayurvedic formulations, thereby offering insights into their potential clinical applications and bridging the gap between traditional medicine and modern science. This understanding will help in validating their therapeutic benefits and facilitating their inclusion in integrative healthcare approaches.